Enjoying wine is not just about appreciating the flavors, but also about the subtlety of conversation and sharing emotions. A true wine connoisseur knows how to "speak the language of wine"—using precise terminology to describe aromas, flavors, and structure. Join Golden Wine in discovering the secrets to speaking like a true wine connoisseur , starting with mastering the most basic wine terminology !

1. WINE TERMS BEGIN WITH THE LETTER “A”

English terminology	Vietnamese meaning	Detailed explanation
Acidity	Freshness	The wine has a refreshing, invigorating sensation in the mouth. The acidity is balanced with the sweetness and bitterness, creating a harmonious flavor.
Age	Well-ventilated, exposed to air.	The process of exposing wine to air enhances its flavor. This is usually done by pouring the wine into a decanter.
Aftertaste	Pylorus	The taste lingers in the mouth after drinking the wine. High-quality wines usually have a long-lasting, pleasant aftertaste.
Aged	INCUBATE	Wines that have been aged under the right conditions for an extended period of time often acquire more complex and deeper flavors.
Aging	Incubation process	The process of storing wine in oak barrels, stainless steel tanks, or in bottles allows the wine to develop its distinctive flavors.
Aging Barrel	composting bin	Wooden barrels (usually oak) are used to age wine, allowing the wine to absorb the natural flavors from the wood.
Alcohol by Volume (ABV)	Alcohol content by volume	The percentage of alcohol in wine typically ranges from 8–15%, depending on the type of wine.
Vodka	Alcohol	Ethanol – the main component that gives alcohol its pungent taste.
Alsace	Alsace	This wine-growing region in eastern France is famous for its white wines such as Riesling and Gewürztraminer.
Amarone	Amarone	Italian red wine, with its high alcohol content, is made from semi-dried grapes in the Veneto region and has a rich, slightly sweet flavor.
Anosmia	Loss of smell	The inability to smell affects the ability to enjoy wine.
AOC (Appellation d'Origine Contrôlée)	Controlled designation of origin	The French system protects the origin and quality of wines from each region.
Aperitif	Aperitif	This type of wine is drunk before meals to stimulate the taste buds, and is usually light or slightly sweet.
Appointment	Grape growing region	Geographic regions determine where grapes for winemaking are produced; each region has its own unique climate and flavor profile.
Ehome	Scent	The natural aroma of wine, often used to describe young wines with fresh, fruity notes.
Astringency	Chat	The dry sensation on the tongue when drinking wine is caused by tannins in the grapes or oak aging.
AVA (American Viticultural Area)	American grape-growing region	The wine-growing region is recognized in the United States, similar to the AOC system in France.

See also: What is Tannin? 6 "Golden" Benefits of Tannin in Red Wine

4. Wine terms that begin with the letter D

English terminology	Vietnamese meaning	Detailed explanation
Débouurbage	Sedimentation	The process of allowing sediment to settle in the grape juice before fermentation helps to make the wine clearer and reduces the need for filtration later.
Decanting	Pour the wine	The process of pouring wine from the bottle into a decanter helps to separate sediment and allows the wine to "breathe," revealing its flavors.
Degorgement	Drain	The process of removing frozen yeast sediment from the neck of the bottle during Champagne production.
Tardive Dégorgement	Late drain	Champagne is aged on yeast sediment for a long time (10 years or more) before the sediment is removed, creating a complex flavor profile.
Demi-sec	Sweetish	The term describes a wine with a slightly sweet taste, often used for Champagne.
Dessert Wine	Dessert wine	Sweet wines with high alcohol content are often served with desserts (such as Sauternes, Port, and Tokaji).
Distilled Spirits	Brandy	Alcoholic beverages are distilled from wine, fruit juice, or fermented grains.
OL	Sugar dosage	Sweet liqueur (liqueur d'expédition) is added to Champagne to adjust its dryness/sweetness.
Douro	Douro	A renowned wine region in Portugal, famous for its Port wine and strong red wines.
Dry	Not sweet	Wines with little or no residual sugar often leave a slightly dry sensation on the tongue.

5. Wine terms that begin with the letter E

English terminology	Vietnamese meaning	Detailed explanation
Snowy	Land	The flavor profile evokes notes of earth, mushrooms, and damp forests—commonly found in aged red wines.
Eau de Vie	Fruit spirits	The French term refers to a type of spirit distilled from grapes or fruit (such as Cognac, Armagnac).
In Primeur	Young wine	The Bordeaux wine system is a "buy now - get later" system, meaning the wine is sold before it is bottled.
En Tirage	Settling stage	This stage in the Champagne process involves aging the wine with the yeast sediment from the second fermentation.
Enology (Oenology)	Wine agronomy	The science of winemaking, including fermentation, blending, and preservation.
Enophilia	Wine connoisseur	A person who loves, collects, and is knowledgeable about wine.
Entry-Level Wine	Basic Wine	This is the producer's most affordable and basic quality wine, suitable for beginners.
Eraflage	Separate the stem	The process of removing the stems from the grape bunch before pressing helps reduce bitterness and astringency.
Extended Maceration	Prolonged soaking and fermentation	Extending the contact time of the skins and seeds with the grape juice after fermentation enhances color, aroma, and tannins.
Extraction	Extract	The process of extracting color, tannins, and flavor from grape skins and seeds during winemaking.
Ex-Cellars	Shipping costs	The trade terms only cover shipping costs and other expenses incurred in the sale of en primeur wine.

6. Terms beginning with the letter F

English terminology	Vietnamese meaning	Detailed explanation
Fermentation	Ferment	The fermentation process converts the sugar in grape juice into alcohol and CO₂ gas. This stage is crucial in determining the flavor, structure, and alcohol content of the wine.
Finding	Making wine	The process of removing sediment and impurities from wine involves adding clarifying agents (such as egg whites, bentonite, etc.). This makes the wine clearer, smoother, and more visually appealing.
Finish	Pylorus	The sensation and flavor that linger in the mouth after swallowing the wine. Wines with a "long finish" are premium wines with a lasting aftertaste.
Flabby	Bland / Lacking Structure	A wine described as having low acidity, a bland taste, and lacking freshness or balance is often considered a negative point in wine reviews.
Floral	Fragrance of flowers	This describes a wine with floral aromas (rose, orange blossom, violet, etc.). This is characteristic of many white or light wines.
Fortified wine	Wine mixed with alcohol / fortified wine	Wines that have added spirits (usually brandy) during production – for example, Port, Sherry, Madeira. They typically have a high alcohol content and a characteristic sweetness.
Free-run juice	Grape juice that flows naturally	The first juice that flows out before pressing the grapes is of the highest quality and is used for premium wines.
Full-bodied	Rich/structured	This description describes a wine with a full-bodied, powerful flavor, a heavy and round feel in the mouth – a common characteristic of high-quality red wines.

7. Terms beginning with the letter G

English terminology	Vietnamese meaning	Detailed explanation
Gagian	Gamay grape variety	This red grape variety is primarily grown in the Beaujolais region of France. It produces light, refreshing red wines with aromas of red fruits such as strawberries and cherries.
Garnet	Ruby red / ruby ​​red	The wine has a slightly orange tint, a characteristic often seen in aged red wines.
Gewürztraminer	Gewürztraminer grape variety	This famous white grape variety, native to Germany and the Alsace region (France), produces wines with aromas of rose, lychee, and spices.
Gigondas	Gigondas	The wine region in the Rhône Valley (France) is famous for its powerful red wines made from Grenache, Syrah, and Mourvèdre grapes.
Glycerol (Glycerin)	Glycerol (Thickening agent)	This natural compound creates a rich, smooth, and soft sensation in the mouth – often found in high-alcohol wines.
Gran Reserve	Aged wines (Gran Reserva)	The Spanish term refers to wines that are aged in oak barrels and bottled for many years before being sold, usually the highest quality.
Grappa	Grappa spirits	This Italian spirit is distilled from the grape pomace left over after winemaking. It has a distinctive strong aroma and flavor.
Grenache (Garnacha)	Grenache grape variety	One of the world's most popular red grape varieties, it produces wines with ripe fruit flavors, a hint of spice, and a medium to full-bodied character.
Grüner Veltliner	Grüner Veltliner grape variety	Made from the characteristic white grape of Austria, the wine has a fresh taste, a slight spiciness, and aromas of green apple and white pepper.
Gusto	Flavor / Taste sensation	The term refers to the overall sensation when tasting wine – including aroma, flavor, and texture on the tongue.

8. Terms beginning with the letter H

English terminology	Vietnamese meaning	Detailed explanation
Harvest	Grape harvest	The grape harvesting stage is crucial in determining the quality of the wine. Early-harvested grapes produce wines with high acidity; late-harvested grapes result in sweeter wines with richer flavors.
Hectare	Hectare	The unit of area measurement (10,000 m²) is commonly used to describe the size of a vineyard.
Herbaceous	Herbs / plants	The term describes the flavor or aroma of the wine as reminiscent of fresh grass, green leaves, or herbs – often found in wines made from Cabernet Sauvignon or Sauvignon Blanc grapes.
House wine	Restaurant wine / general wine	This is a basic type of wine commonly served in restaurants and bars; it's affordable and easy to drink.
Hybrid grape	Hybrid grape variety	This grape variety is a cross between European grape (Vitis vinifera) and American grape (Vitis labrusca) to resist pests, diseases, and harsh climates.
Horizontal tasting	Taste the wine horizontally.	Wine tasting involves sampling several wines of the same vintage but from different producers or regions – allowing for comparison of style and quality.
Hot	Strong/spicy due to alcohol	A burning sensation in the throat when drinking high-alcohol or unbalanced beverages.
Hungarian oak	Hungarian oak	The type of oak used for aging barrels is renowned for its ability to impart subtle vanilla notes, smoky undertones, and a refined structure to the wine.
Hollow	The wine has a bland taste.	Used to describe a wine that lacks balance and depth – often with a strong initial aroma but weak middle and finish.
Hue	Wine color shades	The color tone of wine indicates its age and style (for example, purplish red – young wine, brick red – aged wine).

9. Terms beginning with the letter I

English terminology	Vietnamese meaning	Detailed explanation
Ice Wine (Eiswein)	Ice wine	Sweet wine is made from grapes harvested after they have naturally frozen on the vine. The cold-pressing process yields concentrated grape juice with a rich sweetness and prominent fruity aromas.
IGP (Indication Géographique Protégée)	Geographical indications are protected.	The French wine classification system, lower than AOC but higher than Vin de France, guarantees that the wine comes from a specific geographical area.
Imperial	Imperial capacity (6 liters)	The large bottle size is equivalent to 8 standard bottles (750ml), often used for parties or display.
Importer	Importer	A business or individual responsible for importing and distributing wine in a country.
Intensity	Flavor intensity	The intensity of the aroma and flavor in a wine. An "intense" wine is one with a prominent, strong, and long-lasting flavor.
International varieties	International grape varieties	Globally popular grape varieties such as Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Chardonnay, and Sauvignon Blanc can be grown in many countries.
Stainless steel	Stainless steel	Materials used for fermentation tanks or vats; preserves the fresh fruit flavor and clarity of the wine.
Integrated pest management (IPM)	Integrated pest management	Environmentally friendly grape cultivation methods combine various measures to control pests and diseases without the overuse of chemicals.
Intensity of color	Color intensity	The intensity of the wine's color, whether dark or light, helps to assess its age and the grape variety.
Irrigation	Irrigation	Providing water for vineyards in arid regions. Some areas prohibit irrigation to preserve the natural characteristics of the soil and climate.
Ad wine	Italian wine	Wine is produced in Italy – one of the world's largest wine-producing countries, famous for regions such as Tuscany, Piedmont, and Veneto.
Isinglass	Fish-derived clarifying agent	This natural substance, extracted from fish bladders, is used in the winemaking (finishing) process to remove sediment and impurities.

10. Terms beginning with the letter J

English terminology	Vietnamese meaning	Detailed explanation
Jammy	Jam flavor	This description describes a red wine with a rich, sweet flavor reminiscent of ripe fruit jam (commonly found in warm climates).
Jeroboam	Jeroboam bottle (3–5 liters)	This large bottle size is equivalent to 4–6 standard 750ml bottles, used for Champagne or Bordeaux red wine.
Juice	Grape juice	Grape juice, obtained after pressing, is the initial ingredient for fermentation into wine.
Jug wine	Bottled liquor (cheap liquor)	This type of inexpensive wine is bottled in large decanters or large-capacity bottles, and is popular in the United States.
Joven	Young wines (Spain)	The Spanish term refers to wine that has not been aged, or has been aged minimally, in oak barrels, and is typically fresh and easy to drink.
Juvenile wine	Young wine	Young wines, which have not yet reached maturity in flavor and structure, often have a strong tannic taste and fresh fruity aromas.
Jumilla	Jumilla	This renowned wine region in southeastern Spain primarily grows the Monastrell grape variety, producing full-bodied and aromatic wines.
Joint Venture Wine	Co-produced wine	Wine is produced through a collaboration between two or more producers or brands, often combining different regional styles.
Juvenile vines	Young grapevine	Vines under three years old are not yet mature enough to produce high-quality grapes for winemaking.
Nam aroma	Jasmine fragrance	A subtle aromatic characteristic, often found in white wines such as Riesling or Muscat.

11. Wine terms that begin with the letter K

English terminology	Vietnamese meaning	Detailed explanation
Kabinett	Kabinett whiskey (Germany)	The first level in the German wine classification system (Prädikatswein) is typically a light, refreshing wine, with a mild sweetness or dryness.
Keg wine	Wine in barrels	Wine is stored and served in stainless steel tanks, commonly found in restaurants or bars, to ensure freshness.
Kerner	Kerner grape variety	This white grape variety, a cross between Trollinger and Riesling, is popular in Germany and Italy, producing aromatic, slightly spicy, and refreshing wines.
Kosher wine	Kosher (Jewish) liquor	The wine is produced and supervised according to strict Jewish regulations; only practicing Jews are permitted to handle it.
Kabinett Trocken	Kabinett dry whiskey	The dry (less sweet or unsweetened) version of Kabinett whiskey in the German grading system.
Kimmeridgian soil	Kimmeridgian land	The calcareous clay soil containing fossilized shells, famous in the Chablis region (France), contributes to the wine's distinctive mineral flavor.
Kir	Cocktail Kir	A traditional French mixed drink, consisting of white wine (usually Aligoté) mixed with crème de cassis (blackcurrant liqueur).
Kir Royale	Cocktail Kir Royale	Kir's more luxurious version uses Champagne instead of white wine.
Kitschy wine label	Wine labels with an "ornamental" style.	Wine labels often feature colorful, eye-catching designs or playful elements to attract buyers; this is common with mainstream wines.
Knights Valley	Knights Valley	This renowned grape-growing region is located in Sonoma County (California, USA), specializing in the production of high-quality Cabernet Sauvignon.

12. Terms beginning with the letter L

English terminology	Vietnamese meaning	Detailed explanation
Labrusca (Vitis labrusca)	Labrador grapes	A native North American grape variety, often used to make inexpensive wine or juice; it has a distinctive flavor known as "foxy".
Lactic acid	Lactic acid	Acids are formed during malolactic fermentation, which gives the wine a smoother and more rounded flavor.
Lagrein	Lagrein grape variety	The red grape variety grown in South Tyrol (Italy) produces wines with a deep color, high tannin content, and aromas of ripe fruit.
Late harvest	Late harvest	Wines made from late-harvested grapes have a higher sugar content and are typically sweeter and more flavorful.
Lay down	Lying down while fermenting wine	The term refers to storing wine horizontally so that the cork remains moist, preventing leaks and oxidation.
Lees	Yeast residue	The dead yeast and solid residue that settles after fermentation are sometimes retained to add buttery or bread-like flavor.
Lees aging (Sur lie)	Ferment on yeast residue	The wine is aged with yeast sediment to enhance its richness, buttery flavor, and smoothness.
Left bank	Left bank (Bordeaux)	The area on the left bank of the Gironde River in Bordeaux is famous for its Cabernet Sauvignon.
Legs (Tears)	The wine clings to the glass.	The phenomenon of wine forming streaks down the glass after shaking indicates a high alcohol or sugar content.
Liebfraumilch	German sweet white wine	A popular German white wine, with a slightly sweet taste, is usually made from Riesling or Müller-Thurgau.
Light-bodied	Light-bodied wine	The wine has a low alcohol content, low tannins, and a delicate flavor.
Liquoreux	Sweet wine	The term comes from French and refers to sweet, full-bodied white wines like Sauternes.
Liqueur d'expédition	Final blended wine	A mixture of wine and sugar is added to Champagne after the dégorgement process to adjust the sweetness.
Liquor de tirage	Yeast-boosting wine	A mixture of alcohol, sugar, and yeast is added to Champagne to begin the second fermentation process in the bottle.
Loire Valley	Loire Valley	Famous wine-producing region in the South

13. Terms beginning with the letter M

English terminology	Vietnamese meaning	Detailed explanation
Commerce	Soaking and fermenting	The process involves soaking the skins, seeds, and stems of grapes in grape juice to extract color, tannins, and flavor.
Madeira	Madeira wine	Fortified wine from Madeira Island (Portugal) has a light sweetness and caramel notes.
Magnum	Magnum bottle	The bottle has a capacity of 1.5 liters (double the size of a standard 750ml bottle). Wines aged in Magnum bottles typically develop flavors more slowly and in a more balanced way.
Malbec	Malbec grape variety	This red grape variety is popular in Argentina and France, producing full-bodied wines with high tannin content and aromas of ripe plums and chocolate.
Malic acid	Malic acid	Grapes contain natural acids that give them a tart, green, apple-like taste; these are converted into lactic acid during malolactic fermentation.
Malolactic fermentation (MLF)	Malolactic fermentation	The microbial process converts malic acid into lactic acid, resulting in a smoother, less acidic wine.
Marangoni effect	Marangoni effect	The phenomenon of "legs" forming when swirling a glass is related to the different evaporation rates of alcohol and water.
Marsala	Marsala Wine	Italian fortified wine, produced in Sicily, is often used in cooking or as a dessert wine.
Master sommelier	Master wine expert	This is the highest honor awarded to professional wine servers and consultants, bestowed by the Court of Master Sommeliers.
Maturo	Mature (Italy)	An Italian term for wine that has reached the right level of maturity and is ready to be enjoyed.
Mead	Honey wine	A fermented drink made from honey and water, sometimes with added fruit or spices.
Medium-bodied	Medium-bodied wine	The wine has a balanced structure and a moderate alcohol content, neither too light nor too strong.
Heritage	Meritage Wine	American blended wines in the Bordeaux style (typically using Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, and Cabernet Franc).
Merlot	Merlot grape variety	One of the world's most popular red grape varieties, it boasts a soft, smooth, and easy-drinking flavor.
Mesoclimate	Microclimate of the growing region	The specific climate within a small area of ​​the vineyard directly affects the quality of the grapes.
Micro-oxygenation	Micro-oxidation	The technique involves adding small amounts of oxygen to the wine during aging to soften tannins and develop flavors.
Minerality	Mineral content	The mineral taste (wet stone, chalk, sea salt) in the wine, commonly found in white wines.
Mise en bouteille	Bottled	The French term refers to the bottling stage of the wine, often seen on the label as "Mise en bouteille au château" (Bottled at the estate).
Moelleux	Light sweet wine (France)	White wine has a moderate sweetness, not harsh.
Monopole	Exclusive ownership	The vineyard or wine label is owned and produced exclusively by a single producer.
Mousseux	Sparkling wine	The French word refers to sparkling wines (bubbles), similar to Champagne but produced in a different region.
Mouth	The sensation in the mouth	Experience the texture, viscosity, tannins, or fattiness of the wine when you drink it.
Must	Fermented grape juice	A mixture of grape juice, skins, seeds, and stems before or during the fermentation process.
Mutation (Mutage)	Increase alcohol content	The process of adding spirits (usually brandy) to fermenting grape juice to stop the fermentation process creates sweet wine (like Port).

14. Terms beginning with the letter N

English terminology	Vietnamese meaning	Detailed explanation
Napa Valley	Napa Valley	This renowned wine-growing region of California (USA) is known for its Cabernet Sauvignon and Chardonnay wines.
Nebbiolo	Nebbiolo grape variety	This red grape variety, primarily grown in Piedmont (Italy), produces renowned wines such as Barolo and Barbaresco, known for their powerful flavor and high tannin content.
Negotiant	Wine merchant	A person or company that purchases grapes or wine from other producers to blend, age, and sell under its own label.
New World Wine	New World Wines	Wines from countries outside Europe, such as the USA, Australia, Chile, and South Africa, often have a rich, easy-to-drink flavor and a modern style.
Noble Grapes	Noble grape variety	Six international grape varieties are considered the cornerstone of world wine: Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Pinot Noir, Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc, and Riesling.
Nose	Wine aroma	The term refers to the aroma emanating from the wine when smelled – it could be fruity, woody, herbal, or spicy.
Nouveau	New wine	Young wines, with short fermentation periods, are bottled and sold soon after harvest, the most famous example being Beaujolais Nouveau (France).
NV (Non-Vintage)	Not based on the crop year	Wine (usually Champagne or sparkling wine) is blended from different vintages to maintain a consistent flavor.
Natural Wine	Natural wine	The wine is made from organically grown grapes, naturally fermented, with little to no additives or sulfur.
Neutral Oak	Neutral oak	The oak barrels have been used many times, so they no longer strongly affect the wine's flavor but still allow the wine to "breathe".
Non-Filtrée	No filter	Unfiltered wine retains its natural structure and flavor; it often has a light sediment.
Nutrient Deficiency	Nutrient deficiency	A deficiency of essential minerals such as nitrogen, magnesium, or iron in grapevines affects the quality of the grapes.

15. Terms beginning with the letter O

English terminology	Vietnamese meaning	Detailed explanation
Oak	Oak wood	The type of wood used for aging wine helps to impart flavors such as vanilla, caramel, smoke, or toasted bread to the wine.
Oaky	It has oak wood notes.	The term refers to wines with distinctive aromas and flavors derived from oak barrels, such as vanilla, coconut, and smoke.
Old World Wine	Old World Wines	Wines from traditional European countries such as France, Italy, Spain, and Germany emphasize terroir and sophistication.
Off-dry	Sweetish	The wine has a slight residual sugar content, often found in some types of Riesling or Moscato.
Oxidation	Oxidation	The process of wine being exposed to air changes its flavor and color; excessive exposure can also complicate or spoil the wine.
Organic Wine	Organic wine	The wine is produced from grapes grown without pesticides, chemical fertilizers, or artificial additives.
Overrip	Overcooked	Grapes are harvested when they are overripe, resulting in wine with a rich, sweet, and intense flavor.
Open	"Open" wine	The wine is at its best in terms of flavor perception, usually after it has had time to breathe.

16. Terms beginning with the letter P

English terminology	Vietnamese meaning	Detailed explanation
Planet	Taste	The sensations and flavors perceived in the mouth when drinking alcohol.
Pale	Pale color	This description refers to a wine with a light, bright color, commonly found in rosé or white wines.
Parker Points	Parker Scale	The wine rating system (from 50–100 points), initiated by critic Robert Parker, has had a significant influence on the wine industry.
Perlage	Air bubbles	The Italian term refers to the fine bubbles found in sparkling wines like Champagne.
Petit Verdot	Petit Verdot grape variety	Bordeaux red grapes, which produce full-bodied, colorful wines with high tannin content, are often used in blends.
Pinot Noir	Pinot Noir grape variety	One of the most famous grape varieties, producing an elegant red wine with aromas of cherry, earth, and spice.
Port Wine	Portuguese sweet wine	Fortified wine is sweet, high in alcohol, and often served as a dessert wine.
Pressing	Grape pressing	The process of pressing grapes to separate the juice from the skins and seeds.
Producer	Manufacturer	The establishment or brand is responsible for growing, fermenting, and bottling the wine.

17. Wine terms begin with the letter R.

English terminology	Vietnamese meaning	Detailed explanation
Racking	Transfer wine	The process involves transferring the wine from one barrel to another to remove sediment.
Reserva / Riserva	Aged wine	The Spanish/Italian term refers to wine that has been aged longer than the standard timeframe before bottling.
Residual Sugar (RS)	Excess sugar	The amount of sugar remaining after the fermentation process is complete.
Riesling	Riesling grape variety	This famous white grape variety from Germany produces wines ranging from dry to sweet, with citrus and honey aromas.
Rosé	Rose wine	The wine is made from red grapes but with short contact of the skins, resulting in a pale pink color.
Robust	Rich and flavorful	Used to describe a strong, flavorful wine with high tannin content.
Round	Well-rounded flavor	The sensation is smooth and balanced in the mouth, without any harshness.
Reserve Wine	Special wine	Premium wines are typically made from the finest grapes and aged in the best barrels.

18. Terms beginning with the letter S

English terminology	Vietnamese meaning	Detailed explanation
Sommelier	Wine expert	Professional waiters and wine consultants at the restaurant.
Sediment	Furry	The small particles settle to the bottom of the bottle during the natural fermentation process.
Sparkling Wine	Sparkling wine	Naturally sparkling wines such as Champagne, Prosecco, and Cava.
Sweet	Sweet	This refers to wine with excess sugar, often used in dessert wines.
Structure	Structure	The balance between acidity, tannins, alcohol, and flavor in wine.
Syrah / Shiraz	Syrah grape variety	This famous red grape variety produces a full-bodied, spicy wine with notes of black pepper and ripe plums.
Single Vineyard	A vineyard	Wine made from grapes grown in a single vineyard.

19. Terms beginning with the letter T

English terminology	Vietnamese meaning	Detailed explanation
Tannin	Astringent	The natural compounds in grape skins, seeds, and oak wood create a tart sensation in the mouth.
Terroir	Characteristics of the growing region	The influence of climate, soil, and topography on the flavor of wine.
Noi Control	Temperature control	Techniques in winemaking to ensure consistent quality.
Toasty	Baked goods aroma	The wine has a distinctive aroma from being aged in toasted oak barrels.
Tasting Notes	Tasting notes	Describe the sensory experience (smell, taste, color) when tasting the wine.
Tracken	Dry (German)	Only German wines have a dry style, with little or no residual sugar.
Table Wine	Wine on the table	A popular type of wine used in everyday meals, with a medium alcohol content.

20. Terms beginning with the letter U

English terminology	Vietnamese meaning	Detailed explanation
Ullage	The empty space in the bottle	The space between the wine and the cork allows the wine to "breathe".
Unfiltered	No filter	The wine is unfiltered, retaining its natural flavor and structure.
Unoaked	Not aged oak	The wine is not aged in oak barrels, preserving its fresh, light flavor.
Urban Winery	Urban winery	The wine production facility is located in the city instead of the vineyard region.

21. Wine terms that begin with the letter V

English terminology	Vietnamese meaning	Detailed explanation
Varietal	Single-varietal wine	The wine is made primarily from a single grape variety (≥75%).
Vineyard	Vineyard	The area where grapes are grown for wine production.
Vintage	Crop year	The year the grapes are harvested for winemaking.
Vincert	The winemaking process	The entire process, from pressing grapes and fermenting to bottling.
Vin Santo	Italian sweet wine	A traditional Italian dessert wine, made from dried grapes.
Viognier	Viognier grape variety	White grapes with floral aromas, tropical fruits, famous in the Rhône (France).

22. Terms beginning with the letter W

English terminology	Vietnamese meaning	Detailed explanation
Filmmaker	Winemaker	The person primarily responsible for the production and blending of the wine.
Winery	Winery	A facility for producing, aging, and bottling wine.
Wine Flight	Wine tasting set	A collection of small bottles of wine for customers to taste and compare.
Wine Body	Alcoholic beverages	The sensation of the wine's weight in the mouth — it can be light, medium, or full-bodied.
Film Legs	The wine on the glass	The trail of wine flowing down the glass reflects the alcohol and sugar content of the wine.

23. Terms beginning with the letter Y

English terminology	Vietnamese meaning	Detailed explanation
Yeast	Alcohol	Microorganisms ferment sugar into alcohol and CO₂.
Yield	Grape yield	The amount of grapes harvested per hectare directly affects the quality of the wine.
Young Wine	Young wine	Freshly produced wine, not yet aged for a long period, has a fresh, vibrant taste.
Yarra Valley	Yarra Valley	This region is famous for its grape-growing heritage in Australia, particularly for Pinot Noir and Chardonnay wines.

These wine terms are the "key" to elevating your wine-tasting experience. Understanding the meaning of each term not only helps you appreciate wine more deeply but also opens up a journey of discovering the refined culture of wine.

Visit Golden Wine today to choose from a selection of premium wines that perfectly suit your sophisticated taste!